A PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography scan) is a medical imaging technique used to observe metabolic processes in the body. It helps doctors diagnose, monitor, and manage various conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders.
How it Works:
1. Radioactive Tracer: A small amount of a radioactive substance (tracer) is injected into the body. This tracer typically consists of a glucose-based substance because active cells (like cancer cells) consume more glucose.
2. Absorption: The tracer accumulates in areas of the body with high metabolic activity, such as tumors or inflamed tissues.
3. Imaging: The PET scanner detects the gamma rays emitted by the tracer and creates detailed, 3D images showing how tissues and organs are functioning.
Common Uses of PET Scans:
Cancer Detection: Identify cancerous cells, check for metastasis, and monitor treatment effectiveness.
Heart Disease: Evaluate blood flow and detect damaged or scarred heart tissues.
Brain Disorders: Diagnose conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors.
Preparation for a PET Scan:
Avoid eating for several hours before the test (water is usually allowed).
Inform the doctor about medications, pregnancy, or if you are breastfeeding.
Avoid strenuous activity the day before the test.
Benefits and Risks:
Benefits: Provides detailed information about how organs and tissues are functioning, which can guide treatment decisions.
Risks: Minimal exposure to radiation, but it is generally considered safe when performed appropriately.
PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans (e.g., PET-CT) to provide a more comprehensive view of both
the structure and function of tissues.
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